Function Introduction of KUBLER Counter 1.130.200.012.366 in Germany

Germany KUBLERFunction Introduction of Counter 1.130.200.012.366

Main performance of counter 1
1. Testing function
The testing functions of electronic counters generally include measuring frequency, cycle, frequency ratio, time interval, cumulative counting, and self calibration.

2. Measurement range
The effective measurement range of an electronic counter is relative to its measurement function, and the meaning of its measurement range varies depending on the measurement function. When measuring frequency, it refers to the upper and lower limits of the frequency; When measuring a cycle, it refers to the maximum and minimum values of the cycle time unit.

3. Input characteristics
In general, when an instrument has 2-3 input channels, the characteristics of each channel need to be provided separately, mainly including:
1) Input sensitivity: refers to the minimum voltage required for the instrument to operate normally.
2) Input coupling methods: There are mainly two types: AC (alternating current) coupling and DC (direct current) coupling. When AC coupling occurs, the measured signal is input through a DC blocking capacitor; When DC coupling is used, the measured signal is directly input, and this coupling is suitable for low-frequency and pulse signal input
3) Input impedance: includes input resistance and input capacitance, and is divided into high impedance (such as 1M Ω//25pF) and low impedance (such as 50 Ω). The former is often used in situations where the frequency is not too high to reduce the load impact on the signal source; The latter is often used in high-frequency situations to meet matching requirements.
4) Zui input voltage: The maximum allowable input voltage. After exceeding the maximum input voltage, the instrument cannot guarantee normal operation and may even be damaged.

4. Measurement accuracy
Measurement accuracy is commonly represented by measurement error, which is mainly determined by time base error and counting error. The time base error is determined by the stability of the crystal oscillator, and electronic counters typically provide the standard frequency and frequency stability of the crystal oscillator; Counting error mainly refers to quantization error.

5. Gate time and time scale
The standard time signal provided by the internal standard time signal source of the instrument includes gate time signal and time scale signal, which can have multiple choices.

6. Output
This refers to the types of standard time and frequency signals that the instrument can output, the encoding method of the output data, and the level of the output.

Display and Mode of Counter 2
(1) Display digit: The number of digits that the instrument can display.
(2) Display time: The duration of the measurement result displayed by the instrument after one measurement is completed. Generally adjustable.
(3) Display mode: There are usually two ways: memory and non memory. The former only displays the final count result, while the latter displays the counting process in progress. Some counters only have memory display mode.
(4) Display device: The type of display instrument used in the instrument.

Composition of 3 counters
1. Input channels A and B
The function of the input channel is to amplify and shape the measured signal, transforming it into a standard pulse. The input channel section includes two channels, A and B, both of which are composed of attenuators, amplifiers, and shaping circuits. All external signals that need to be counted (such as frequency measurement signals) are input through channel A, and after appropriate attenuation, amplification, and shaping by channel A, they become pulse signals that meet the requirements of the main gate. The output of the B input channel is connected to a gate controlled bistable system. If a measurement period is required, the measured signal must be input through the B input channel as the trigger signal for the gate controlled bistable system.
Gate, also known as a gate, is a comparative circuit used to implement quantization. It can control whether the counting pulse signal can enter the counter.
The main gate circuit is a dual input logic AND gate. One input of it receives a gate signal from the gate controlled bistable trigger in the control unit, while the other input receives a counting (pulse) signal. During the effective period of the gate control signal, counting (pulses) are allowed to enter the counter through the main gate for counting.

3. Counting and display unit
The counting and display circuit is used to count the pulse signals from the main gate and display the counting results in digital form. For ease of reading, counters usually use decimal counting circuits. Instruments with microprocessors can also use binary counters to count, then convert to decimal and decode before entering the display.

4. Time base unit
The time base circuit is mainly composed of a crystal oscillator, a frequency divider, and a multiplier.
The time base circuit is mainly used to generate various standard time signals. There are two types of standard time signals. One type is called gate (time) signal, which has a longer time and usually has multiple choices based on the number of frequency division stages; Another type of signal with a shorter duration is called a time scale signal. The time scale signal can be single or have multiple options.

5. Control unit
The function of the control circuit is to generate three control signals: gate signal (Q), register signal (M), and reset signal (R), so that the various circuits of the instrument can automatically perform measurement work in an orderly manner according to the process of preparation, measurement, and display.
The control unit includes the aforementioned gate controlled bistable circuit, which outputs gate control signals to control the opening and closing of the main gate. Under the action of trigger pulses, the bistable circuit flips. Usually, one input pulse is used to open the main gate, and another input pulse signal is used to restore the gate control bistability and close the main gate.

4. Error sources of counters
1. Quantization error
2. Trigger error
3. Standard frequency error

GermanyKUBLER counter1.130.200.012.366 Function Introduction

Common models of KUEBLER counters:
1.130.200.012.366 1.154.510.051.023.550.9451 1.260.201.013
1.130.200.027 1.154.510.056.023.550.9451 1.260.201.015
1.130.200.029 1.164.500.013.023.550.9451 1.260.201.033
1.130.200.032 1.164.500.051.023.550.9451 1.260.201.061
1.130.200.033 1.164.500.056.023.550.9451 1.260.201.066
1.130.200.033.240 1.168.261.050 1.260.300.012
1.130.200.033.293 1.164.151.066.023.9451 1.260.300.013
1.130.200.051 1.164.151.064.023.9451 1.260.300.033
1.130.200.054 1.164.151.061.023.9451 1.260.300.066
1.130.200.056 1.164.151.036.023.9451 1.260.301.013
1.130.200.058 1.164.151.033.023.9451 1.260.301.033
1.130.200.418 1.154.151.066.023.9451 1.260.301.064
1.130.200.418.241 1.154.151.064.023.9451 1.260.301.066
1.130.401.008 1.154.151.061.023.9451 1.260.600.013

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Function Introduction of KUBLER Counter 1.130.200.012.366 in Germany

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