Guide

In daily physical examinations, we will perform two large exhalations

One is a lung capacity test that fully utilizes the power of the prehistoric era

Another time is the relatively peaceful urea (carbon)13) Breath detection

carbonThe main purpose of the 13 breath test is to detect

Is there any stomachhelicobacter pylori infection

For a long time, the stomach was considered sterile

The stomach contains stomach acid and proteolytic enzymes

andThe pH value is only 0.9 to 1.8

Under such acidity, almost no microorganisms can survive

However, with the discovery of Helicobacter pylori

The concept of sterility in the stomach has been broken

The occurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection is not uncommon

As one of the few known microbial strains that can survive in the human stomach

However, Helicobacter pylori, which is several micrometers long

Already infected*About half of the population

Although only10% may cause gastric ulcer

Even infected individuals with gastric cancer require treatment

But due to non-standard or poorly targeted treatment

Causing Helicobacter pylori to develop resistance to antibiotics, which cannot be cured for a long time

Rapid identification of Helicobacter pylori and targeted medication treatment

absolutely necessary

What is Helicobacter pylori?

Helicobacter pylori（Helicobacter pylori is a Gram negative, curved microaerophilic bacterium. It parasitizes in the mucosal tissue of the human stomach and pylorus, and is one of the common bacterial pathogens.

Helicobacter pylori will be present on our stomach wallMake a hole and then drill in to escape the corrosion of stomach acid. After this, our gastric mucosa will be damaged and become riddled with holes, and the stomach acid that is beneficial for digestion in the stomach will easily corrode the stomach wall through the "holes" drilled by Helicobacter pylori, posing a threat to stomach health.

Helicobacter pylori (green: Helicobacter pylori) Purple: gastric mucosal tissue)

This bacterial infection can first cause chronic gastritis, leading to the occurrence of gastric ulcers and atrophy, and in severe cases, it can develop into gastric cancer. According to statistics,67% -80% of gastric ulcer diseases and 95% of duodenal ulcer diseases are caused by Helicobacter pylori.

Traditional detection methods

Based on the reasons mentioned earlier, the detection of Helicobacter pylori plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of the above-mentioned diseases. The common detection methods are divided into non-invasive detection (carbon)13 or carbon-14 breath test, fecal antigen test, serological test) and invasive test (rapid urease test, histological test).

Non invasive testingThe currently commonly used non-invasive detection method is carbonThe 13 or carbon-14 breath test uses the principle that Helicobacter pylori can secrete urease to break down urea. This method is simple, convenient, and yields accurate results, making it a commonly used detection method in clinical practice. This method is used in daily physical examinations.

Invasive detection methodThrough * biopsy. Take out a piece of gastric antrum tissue for urease staining examination. This method is an invasive procedure, but it can extract live tissue and perform pathogen testing to confirm the diagnosis.

ShimadzuMALDI-TOF Solution

Traditional methods have disadvantages such as high cost, susceptibility to drug interference, and susceptibility to false positives and false negatives. Therefore, establishing a faster and more accurate method is of great significance for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori.

YuThe "General Rules for Microbial Identification by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry" (GB/T 33682-2017), which came into effect on December 1, 2017, specifies the general rules for MALDI-TOF identification of microorganisms. It is applicable to various laboratories engaged in microbial related testing work to quickly identify and study microorganisms in samples, and can identify microbial species.

Using ShimadzuMALDI-TOF iDplus Assurance, Confidence, and Performance instruments, combined with SARAMIS database, can perform rapid microbial identification.

Teacher Zheng from West China University of Public Health

Professor Zheng from West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University is currently conducting research on Helicobacter pylori using Shimadzu's methodIDplus Performance performs sample testing. Teacher Zheng stated that MALDI-TOF, as a widely adopted new method for microbial identification in recent years, has the characteristics of simple operation, fast and efficient, high-throughput, and low daily use cost compared to traditional methods. After the microbial sample is cultured, traditional biochemical methods usually take several hours (more than 4 hours) to produce results, while MALDI-TOF can provide identification results in just a few minutes, greatly shortening the detection cycle, which is the major advantage of MALDI-TOF.

Helicobacter pyloriMALDI-TOF Identification Process Diagram

In addition to its built-in tens of thousands of standard spectra (including reference spectra and super spectra), the SARAMIS database also allows users to create their own libraries to meet the growing demand for identification. At the West China Public Health Laboratory, a new standard spectrum was created based on the collected mass spectra of the sample strains. Once created, all Helicobacter pylori samples were successfully identified. The confidence threshold for SARAMIS database identification results is 70%, and a result above 70% is considered positive.

Mass spectrum of Helicobacter pylori

Search results of Helicobacter pylori database

(White: Confidence level before creating a new standard spectrum)0%, unidentified; Green: After creating a new standard spectrum, the confidence level is 99.9%, indicating successful identification

Conclusion

Using ShimadzuThe MALDI-TOF iDPlus microbial identification system, combined with the SARAMIS database, can quickly and efficiently identify Helicobacter pylori, protecting everyone's stomach and body health. Using the self built database function can further enrich and improve the standard spectra in the database, and enhance the success rate of local strain identification!

References:

1. Chen Fei et al., Application of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry in the Identification of Helicobacter pylori, Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2017 (01): 31-35.

2. Hao Xiaomei, Establishment and Application of MALDI-TOF MS Detection Method for Helicobacter pylori in Food, Modern Food, 2019 (02): 144-148.

3. Luo Yanping et al., Expert Consensus on Self built MALDI-TOF MS Microbial Identification Database, Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2019 (06): 414-419.