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Shanghai Zequan Technology Co., Ltd
ToxY PAM water toxicity fluorescence analyzer
NegotiableUpdate on 03/17
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Overview
Used to measure the photosynthetic activity of natural water samples or (cultured) microalgae, and can measure chlorophyll content. Three probe options: System I is used to measure water samples; System II is used to measure attached algae/macroalgae; System III adopts
Product Details
toxy-pam——Fluorescence analyzer for total toxicity analysis of water quality
schreiberProfessor due to inventionpamObtained the first photosynthesis association award through a series of modulated chlorophyll fluorescence meters（ispr）Innovation Award
Why use chlorophyll fluorescence method to measure water toxicity?
At present, the main methods for analyzing environmental hormones in water bodies are gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and plasma emission spectroscopy/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). The advantages of these methods are high precision and the ability to accurately determine the content of each environmental hormone separately; The disadvantage is that the instrument is expensive, the sample pretreatment is complex, the operation requires professional personnel, the operation is time-consuming, and cannot be carried out in the fieldIt is difficult to make effective estimates of total environmental hormones in water bodiesIn natural water bodies, multiple environmental hormones usually coexist, and the effects of these environmental hormones often have overlapping or antagonistic effects. ThereforeIt is difficult to accurately evaluate the toxic effects of various environmental hormones on organisms through individual analysisTo quickly and accurately assess the toxicity of water bodies, especially in the event of emergencies, the above three methods are difficult to meet this demand.
Environmental hormones in water bodies can directly or indirectly inhibit the photosynthesis of single celled algaeMost herbicides achieve their weed control goals by inhibiting photosynthesis. Chlorophyll fluorescence technology is a conventional method for detecting changes in photosynthesis in living plants, which has the advantages of being fast, sensitive, highly accurate, and does not damage the integrity of the sample. Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence analyzer is an instrument for studying photosynthesis in vivo,Since the 1990s, foreign countries have gradually adopted chlorophyll fluorescence technology for the detection of pesticide residues in water, and have made significant progressHowever, there is currently no one in China who uses single-cell algae photosynthesis to detect environmental hormones. Conrad and others first utilizedpam-101/102/103The feasibility of using single celled algae to detect pesticide content was studied by measuring variable fluorescence, with a detection limit of 100 μ g • l-1, which is much higher than the EU standard for total pesticide content in drinking water not exceeding 0.5 μ g • l-1. Merschemke and Jensen utilizepam-101/102/103A method for measuring chlorophyll fluorescence and oxygen electrode photometry combined with oxygen release was establishedAutomatic algae biological detection system (fluox) for continuous monitoring of water quality in the Rhine RiverThey used Microcystis aeruginosa as an indicator organism and found that the detection limit for atrazine was0.85 μg•l-1Snel and others are utilized separatelypam-101/102/103andxe-pamThe method of measuring the electron transfer rate and quantum yield of macroalgae and unicellular diatoms for the biological detection of pesticides revealed that the detection limit for linuron is0.5-2.5 μg•l-1Trapmann et al. used thylakoids as indicator organismspam-2000Biological detection of pesticide residues was conducted on drinking water, and they used quantum yield as an indicator to find that the detection limit for dcmu (diuron, dichlorvos) was0.4 μg•l-1.
On the basis of these studies,In 2001, Professor Schreiber designed a dual channel PAM fluorescence instrument for detecting toxic substances in water, calledtoxy-pamUsing Triceratops as an indicator organism, the detection limit of toxy pat for dcmu reached or even fell below0.1 μg•l-1This can already meet the EU's standard that the content of a single pesticide in drinking water should not exceed 0.1 μ g • l-1. Since the emergence of toxy pm, Professor Schreiber has collaborated with the EU Institute for Reference Materials and Measures (IEMM) and the Australian Centre for Environmental Toxicology Research (NRCET) in an attempt to develop this method into a standard method for water quality testing. At present, significant progress has been made in his collaboration with NRCET. They added a pre concentration step before water sample testing to increase the detection limit of toxy pat to0.1 ng•l-1.
At present, traditional chemical analysis techniques are still used for the detection of environmental hormones both domestically and internationally. Although the results are accurate and highly sensitive, the instruments are expensive, time-consuming, and cannot be operated on site. Due to the fact that almost all environmental hormones can directly or indirectly inhibit photosynthesis, it is of great significance to use single-cell microalgae as indicator organisms and detect the total toxicity of water using toxy pat for rapid on-site detection and early warning of environmental hormones in water.
toxy-pamFeatures and Functions
1) Dual channel fluorescence analyzer, using microalgae as indicator organisms, to detect the content of toxic substances (mainly environmental hormones) in water
2) Can be measured on site, measurement is fast
3) Indicating organisms (microalgae) can be cultured on their own, with a simple method and extremely low cost
4) Especially suitable for water quality warning
5) Toxic substances are expressed in DCMU equivalents (similar to COD)
6) Can be operated independently or connected to a computer for operation
7) Observation of the dynamic changes in the inhibitory effect of toxic substances on indicator organisms
measurement parameters
F1, fm1, y1, f2, fm2, y2, inh.%, and dcmu equivalents, etc.
Application field
Using microalgae as indicator organisms, detecting the content (total toxicity) of toxic substances (mainly environmental hormones) in water is mainly applied in fields such as environmental science, aquatic biology, water quality warning, aquatic ecology, pollution ecology, oceanography and limnology, toxicology, etc.
Technical Specifications
Measurement light: Blue LED, 470 nm, standard light intensity 10μmol m-2s-1 par， When the light intensity reaches high frequency, it can increase by 20 times
Signal detection: Two pin photodiodes with selective lock-in amplifier (design)
Saturation pulse: Blue LED, 470 nm, duration 0.4 s, intensity 2000μmol m-2s-1 par
Microprocessor: CMOS 80c52
Partial literature
1. escher bi, bramaz n, mueller jf, quayle p, rutishauser s, vermeirssen elm: toxic equivalent concentrations (teqs) for baseline toxicity and specific modes of action as a tool to improve interpretation of ecotoxicity testing of environmental samples. journal of environmental monitoring 2008; 10:612-621.
2. knauert s, knauer k: the role of reactive oxygen species in copper toxicity to two freshwater green algae. journal of phycology 2008; 44:311-319.
3. lópez-rodas v, marvá f, rouco m, costas e, flores-moya a: adaptation of the chlorophycean dictyosphaerium chlorelloides to stressful acidic, mine metal-rich waters as result of pre-se-lective mutations. chemosphere 2008; 72:703-707.
4. lópez-rodas v, perdigones n, marvá f, rouco m, garcía-cabrera ja: adaptation of phytoplankton to novel residual materials of water pollution: an experimental model analysing the evolution of an experimental microalgal population under formaldehyde contamination bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 2008; 80:158-162.
5. magnusson m, heimann k, negri ap: comparative effects of herbicides on photosynthesis and growth of tropical estuarine microalgae marine pollution bulletin 2008; 56:1545-1552.
6. muller r, schreiber u, escher bi, quayle p, nash smb, mueller jf: rapid exposure assessment of psii herbicides in surface water using a novel chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging assay science of the total environment 2008; 401:1-3.
7. sánchez-fortún s, marvá f, d'ors a, costas e: inhibition of growth and photosynthesis of se-lected green microalgae as tools to evaluate toxicity of dodecylethyldimethyl-ammonium bromide ecotoxicology 2008; 17:229-234.
8. vallotton n, eggen ril, chèvre n: effect of sequential isoproturon pulse exposure on scenedesmus vacuolatus archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2008:in press.
9. Wang Li, Ying Bo, E Xueli: Chlorophyll fluorescence detection method for dichlorvos in water Journal of Environment and Health 2008; 25:539-541.
10. costas e, flores-moya a, perdigones n, maneiro e, blanco jl, garcía me, lópez-rodas v: how eukaryotic algae can adapt to the spain's rio tinto: a neo-darwinian proposal for rapid adaptation to an extremely hostile ecosystem. new phytologist 2007; 175:334-339.
11. knauer k, sobek a, bucheli td: reduced toxicity of diuron to the freshwater green alga pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in the presence of black carbon. aquatic toxicology 2007; 83:143-148.
12. muller r, tang jy, thier r, mueller jf: combining passive sampling and toxicity testing for evaluation of mixtures of polar organic chemicals in sewage treatment plant effluent. journal of environmental monitoring 2007; 9:104-109.
13. ralph pj, smith ra, macinnis-ng cmo, seery cr: use of fluorescence-based ecotoxicological bioassays in monitoring toxicants and pollution in aquatic systems: review toxicological & environmental chemistry, 2007; 89:589-607.
14. bengtson nash sm, goddard j, muller jf: phytotoxicity of surface waters of the thames and brisbane river estuaries: a combined chemical analysis and bioassay approach for the comparison of two systems. biosensors and bioelectronics 2006; 21:2086-2093.
15. seery cr, gunthorpe l, ralph pj: herbicide impact on hormosira banksii gametes measured by fluorescence and germination bioassays. environmental pollution 2006; 140:43-51.
16. Wang Li, Ying Bo, E Xueli: Application of water toxicity analysis fluorescence instrument for detecting toxic substances in water Health Research 2006; 35:254-256.
17. bengtson nash sm, mcmahon k, eaglesham g, muller jf: application of a novel phytotoxicity assay for the detection of herbicides in hervey bay and the great sandy straits. marine pollution bulletin 2005; 51:351-360.
18. bengtson nash sm, quayle pa, schreiber u, muller jf: the se-lection of a model microalgal species as biomaterial for a novel aquatic phytotoxicity assay. aquatic toxicology 2005; 72:315-326.
19. bengtson nash sm, schreiber u, ralph pj, müllera jf: the combined spe:toxy-pam phytotoxicity assay; application and appraisal of a novel biomonitoring tool for the aquatic environment. biosensors and bioelectronics 2005; 20:1443-1451.
20. escher bi, bramaz n, eggen ril, richter m: in vitro assessment of modes of toxic action of pharmaceuticals in aquatic life. environmental science and technology 2005; 39:3090-3100.
21. niederer c, behra r, harder a, schwarzenbach rp, escher bi: mechanistic approaches for evaluating the toxicity of reactive organochlorines and epoxides in green algae. environmental toxicology and chemistry 2004; 23:697-704.
22. schreiber u, müller jf, haugg a, gademann r: new type of dual-channel pam chlorophyll fluorometer for highly sensitive water toxicity biotests. photosynthesis research 2002; 74:317–330.
schreiberProfessor due to inventionpamObtained the first photosynthesis association award through a series of modulated chlorophyll fluorescence meters（ispr）Innovation Award
Why use chlorophyll fluorescence method to measure water toxicity?
| Water is the source of life and plays an important role in maintaining human survival and the normal functioning of the biosphere. But in recent years, water pollution has become increasingly severe, which not only includes the input of exogenous nutrients that can easily cause eutrophication and even algal blooms, but also the gradual increase in the concentration of various environmental hormones.Environmental hormones mainly refer to chemical substances released into the environment due to human production and activities that can interfere with the endocrine system of humans and animals, including pesticides and their degradation products, organic chlorides (dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, etc.), organotin compounds, alkylphenol compounds, phenol methane compounds, heavy metals, etcEnvironmental hormones generally have low concentrations, but they can pose harm to organisms and humans through biological concentration, bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and other pathwaysDisrupting the endocrine, immune, and nervous systems of humans and animals, resulting in various abnormal symptomsEnvironmental hormones are widely distributed in the biosphere and can enter water bodies through surface runoff, precipitation, and pollution, causing serious impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Humans can come into contact with environmental hormones through drinking water, consuming aquatic products, or engaging in recreational activities in the water. Therefore, detecting environmental hormones in water is of great significance for protecting national health. |  |
At present, the main methods for analyzing environmental hormones in water bodies are gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and plasma emission spectroscopy/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). The advantages of these methods are high precision and the ability to accurately determine the content of each environmental hormone separately; The disadvantage is that the instrument is expensive, the sample pretreatment is complex, the operation requires professional personnel, the operation is time-consuming, and cannot be carried out in the fieldIt is difficult to make effective estimates of total environmental hormones in water bodiesIn natural water bodies, multiple environmental hormones usually coexist, and the effects of these environmental hormones often have overlapping or antagonistic effects. ThereforeIt is difficult to accurately evaluate the toxic effects of various environmental hormones on organisms through individual analysisTo quickly and accurately assess the toxicity of water bodies, especially in the event of emergencies, the above three methods are difficult to meet this demand.
Environmental hormones in water bodies can directly or indirectly inhibit the photosynthesis of single celled algaeMost herbicides achieve their weed control goals by inhibiting photosynthesis. Chlorophyll fluorescence technology is a conventional method for detecting changes in photosynthesis in living plants, which has the advantages of being fast, sensitive, highly accurate, and does not damage the integrity of the sample. Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence analyzer is an instrument for studying photosynthesis in vivo,Since the 1990s, foreign countries have gradually adopted chlorophyll fluorescence technology for the detection of pesticide residues in water, and have made significant progressHowever, there is currently no one in China who uses single-cell algae photosynthesis to detect environmental hormones. Conrad and others first utilizedpam-101/102/103The feasibility of using single celled algae to detect pesticide content was studied by measuring variable fluorescence, with a detection limit of 100 μ g • l-1, which is much higher than the EU standard for total pesticide content in drinking water not exceeding 0.5 μ g • l-1. Merschemke and Jensen utilizepam-101/102/103A method for measuring chlorophyll fluorescence and oxygen electrode photometry combined with oxygen release was establishedAutomatic algae biological detection system (fluox) for continuous monitoring of water quality in the Rhine RiverThey used Microcystis aeruginosa as an indicator organism and found that the detection limit for atrazine was0.85 μg•l-1Snel and others are utilized separatelypam-101/102/103andxe-pamThe method of measuring the electron transfer rate and quantum yield of macroalgae and unicellular diatoms for the biological detection of pesticides revealed that the detection limit for linuron is0.5-2.5 μg•l-1Trapmann et al. used thylakoids as indicator organismspam-2000Biological detection of pesticide residues was conducted on drinking water, and they used quantum yield as an indicator to find that the detection limit for dcmu (diuron, dichlorvos) was0.4 μg•l-1.
On the basis of these studies,In 2001, Professor Schreiber designed a dual channel PAM fluorescence instrument for detecting toxic substances in water, calledtoxy-pamUsing Triceratops as an indicator organism, the detection limit of toxy pat for dcmu reached or even fell below0.1 μg•l-1This can already meet the EU's standard that the content of a single pesticide in drinking water should not exceed 0.1 μ g • l-1. Since the emergence of toxy pm, Professor Schreiber has collaborated with the EU Institute for Reference Materials and Measures (IEMM) and the Australian Centre for Environmental Toxicology Research (NRCET) in an attempt to develop this method into a standard method for water quality testing. At present, significant progress has been made in his collaboration with NRCET. They added a pre concentration step before water sample testing to increase the detection limit of toxy pat to0.1 ng•l-1.
At present, traditional chemical analysis techniques are still used for the detection of environmental hormones both domestically and internationally. Although the results are accurate and highly sensitive, the instruments are expensive, time-consuming, and cannot be operated on site. Due to the fact that almost all environmental hormones can directly or indirectly inhibit photosynthesis, it is of great significance to use single-cell microalgae as indicator organisms and detect the total toxicity of water using toxy pat for rapid on-site detection and early warning of environmental hormones in water.
toxy-pamFeatures and Functions
1) Dual channel fluorescence analyzer, using microalgae as indicator organisms, to detect the content of toxic substances (mainly environmental hormones) in water
2) Can be measured on site, measurement is fast
3) Indicating organisms (microalgae) can be cultured on their own, with a simple method and extremely low cost
4) Especially suitable for water quality warning
5) Toxic substances are expressed in DCMU equivalents (similar to COD)
6) Can be operated independently or connected to a computer for operation
7) Observation of the dynamic changes in the inhibitory effect of toxic substances on indicator organisms
measurement parameters
F1, fm1, y1, f2, fm2, y2, inh.%, and dcmu equivalents, etc.
Application field
Using microalgae as indicator organisms, detecting the content (total toxicity) of toxic substances (mainly environmental hormones) in water is mainly applied in fields such as environmental science, aquatic biology, water quality warning, aquatic ecology, pollution ecology, oceanography and limnology, toxicology, etc.
Technical Specifications
Measurement light: Blue LED, 470 nm, standard light intensity 10μmol m-2s-1 par， When the light intensity reaches high frequency, it can increase by 20 times
Signal detection: Two pin photodiodes with selective lock-in amplifier (design)
Saturation pulse: Blue LED, 470 nm, duration 0.4 s, intensity 2000μmol m-2s-1 par
Microprocessor: CMOS 80c52
Partial literature
1. escher bi, bramaz n, mueller jf, quayle p, rutishauser s, vermeirssen elm: toxic equivalent concentrations (teqs) for baseline toxicity and specific modes of action as a tool to improve interpretation of ecotoxicity testing of environmental samples. journal of environmental monitoring 2008; 10:612-621.
2. knauert s, knauer k: the role of reactive oxygen species in copper toxicity to two freshwater green algae. journal of phycology 2008; 44:311-319.
3. lópez-rodas v, marvá f, rouco m, costas e, flores-moya a: adaptation of the chlorophycean dictyosphaerium chlorelloides to stressful acidic, mine metal-rich waters as result of pre-se-lective mutations. chemosphere 2008; 72:703-707.
4. lópez-rodas v, perdigones n, marvá f, rouco m, garcía-cabrera ja: adaptation of phytoplankton to novel residual materials of water pollution: an experimental model analysing the evolution of an experimental microalgal population under formaldehyde contamination bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 2008; 80:158-162.
5. magnusson m, heimann k, negri ap: comparative effects of herbicides on photosynthesis and growth of tropical estuarine microalgae marine pollution bulletin 2008; 56:1545-1552.
6. muller r, schreiber u, escher bi, quayle p, nash smb, mueller jf: rapid exposure assessment of psii herbicides in surface water using a novel chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging assay science of the total environment 2008; 401:1-3.
7. sánchez-fortún s, marvá f, d'ors a, costas e: inhibition of growth and photosynthesis of se-lected green microalgae as tools to evaluate toxicity of dodecylethyldimethyl-ammonium bromide ecotoxicology 2008; 17:229-234.
8. vallotton n, eggen ril, chèvre n: effect of sequential isoproturon pulse exposure on scenedesmus vacuolatus archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2008:in press.
9. Wang Li, Ying Bo, E Xueli: Chlorophyll fluorescence detection method for dichlorvos in water Journal of Environment and Health 2008; 25:539-541.
10. costas e, flores-moya a, perdigones n, maneiro e, blanco jl, garcía me, lópez-rodas v: how eukaryotic algae can adapt to the spain's rio tinto: a neo-darwinian proposal for rapid adaptation to an extremely hostile ecosystem. new phytologist 2007; 175:334-339.
11. knauer k, sobek a, bucheli td: reduced toxicity of diuron to the freshwater green alga pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in the presence of black carbon. aquatic toxicology 2007; 83:143-148.
12. muller r, tang jy, thier r, mueller jf: combining passive sampling and toxicity testing for evaluation of mixtures of polar organic chemicals in sewage treatment plant effluent. journal of environmental monitoring 2007; 9:104-109.
13. ralph pj, smith ra, macinnis-ng cmo, seery cr: use of fluorescence-based ecotoxicological bioassays in monitoring toxicants and pollution in aquatic systems: review toxicological & environmental chemistry, 2007; 89:589-607.
14. bengtson nash sm, goddard j, muller jf: phytotoxicity of surface waters of the thames and brisbane river estuaries: a combined chemical analysis and bioassay approach for the comparison of two systems. biosensors and bioelectronics 2006; 21:2086-2093.
15. seery cr, gunthorpe l, ralph pj: herbicide impact on hormosira banksii gametes measured by fluorescence and germination bioassays. environmental pollution 2006; 140:43-51.
16. Wang Li, Ying Bo, E Xueli: Application of water toxicity analysis fluorescence instrument for detecting toxic substances in water Health Research 2006; 35:254-256.
17. bengtson nash sm, mcmahon k, eaglesham g, muller jf: application of a novel phytotoxicity assay for the detection of herbicides in hervey bay and the great sandy straits. marine pollution bulletin 2005; 51:351-360.
18. bengtson nash sm, quayle pa, schreiber u, muller jf: the se-lection of a model microalgal species as biomaterial for a novel aquatic phytotoxicity assay. aquatic toxicology 2005; 72:315-326.
19. bengtson nash sm, schreiber u, ralph pj, müllera jf: the combined spe:toxy-pam phytotoxicity assay; application and appraisal of a novel biomonitoring tool for the aquatic environment. biosensors and bioelectronics 2005; 20:1443-1451.
20. escher bi, bramaz n, eggen ril, richter m: in vitro assessment of modes of toxic action of pharmaceuticals in aquatic life. environmental science and technology 2005; 39:3090-3100.
21. niederer c, behra r, harder a, schwarzenbach rp, escher bi: mechanistic approaches for evaluating the toxicity of reactive organochlorines and epoxides in green algae. environmental toxicology and chemistry 2004; 23:697-704.
22. schreiber u, müller jf, haugg a, gademann r: new type of dual-channel pam chlorophyll fluorometer for highly sensitive water toxicity biotests. photosynthesis research 2002; 74:317–330.
