Heart membrane valve

Heart membrane valve

The human heart seems to be an effective muscle pump, divided into four chambers - two atria and two ventricles, each of which is controlled to close by a one-way valve (valve). The heart's daily expansion and contraction rate is approximately 100000 times, producing around 2000 gallons of blood. These four valves (valves) are opened and closed synchronously to keep blood flowing only forward and in one direction.

More than 250000 biological heart valves are implanted every year. Heart valve transplantation greatly reduces the mortality rate of patients with heart valve disease. Unfortunately, this radiance only reflects one aspect of the situation. On the other hand, it is about the complexity of manufacturing artificial heart valves. For example, if artificial valves are made of titanium and/or pyrolytic carbon, they require lifelong anticoagulation. Despite decades of long-term experience, anticoagulation remains a dangerous process. The main threat of intermediate anticoagulation is the formation of blood clots. Resulting in catastrophic fixation of valve leaflets or obstruction of major blood vessels downstream.

The failure caused by substandard quality of heart valve components is catastrophic, so quality control is crucial. Material properties and geometric shapes are crucial in the design and manufacturing process of heart valves. However, the requirements for the two-dimensional and three-dimensional surface morphology characteristics of heart valves are equally important, mainly due to their significant impact on blood flow and the anticoagulant performance of the valves.