X-ray diffraction (XRD) is an analytical technique that provides information about the structure and phase ID of crystalline materials. XRD can be used to identify single crystals and reveal their structures. XRD is very useful in the geological industry because it can be used to identify crystals present in mixtures, such as minerals in rocks. For minerals with variable molecular formulas and structures (such as clay), XRD is a method of identifying them and determining their proportion in the sample. So, how does XRD work? This article will delve into the science behind XRD and provide explanationsOlympus portable XRD analyzerThe working principle.

01

The Science Behind X-ray Diffraction (XRD)

During XRD analysis, an X-ray beam is directed towards the sample and the scattering intensity is measured based on the direction of emission. According to convention, the angle between the direction of the incident beam and the direction of the outgoing beam is called 2 θ or 2-theta.

For a sample composed of charges with a spacing of d, when Bragg's law is satisfied, constructive interference (greater scattering intensity) is observed as n λ=2dsin θ.

02

Technical Practice of XRD

XRD instruments (such as our new generation)TERRA IIandBTX III XRD analyzer）This technology provides fast and reliable real-time mineralogical and phase analysis for primary and secondary components directly on the analyzer.

Olympus XRD diffractometerWe have adopted a * method to quickly and easily collect and process XRD data, which makes our XRD analyzer very compact and portable.

03

The working principle of Olympus XRD

Olympus uses * transmission geometry XRD methodThis method does not require active components, allowing us to design * yiA portable XRD powered by a commercial battery.

Our XRD instrument provides portability and ease of use, while only requiring 15 mg of sample for analysis. After sealing the sample in the sample chamber, our XRD analyzer will use a particle randomization method called powder liquefaction. Through this method, our analyzer applies a constant piezoelectric induction frequency to the sample, causing the powder to circulate from top to bottom and rotate around its axis.

Within 30 seconds, each particle in the sample window will pass through the X-ray beam in all possible directions. Therefore, our XRD instrument achieved 100% randomization, which is essential for achieving accurate X-ray diffractionA crucial step.

04

Quickly and easily achieve quantitative mineralogy

Olympus is committed to making XRD analysis as simple as possible, so that our customers can quickly and easily obtain quantitative mineralogical results. Just a few steps are needed:

>Prepare samples (for more information on simple sample preparation steps, please contact our engineers)

>Start testing, the analyzer will pass X-rays through the sample convective in the window

>X-ray bombardment of the sample and diffraction within the 2 θ angle range

>CCD detector measures diffraction information

>SwiftMin, an automatic phase recognition and quantification software built into the analyzer^®Real time and intuitive display of phase ID and quantitative results on the user interface

05

3 * Hardware Features of Olympus XRD Analyzer

In addition to time-saving software and simple sample pre-processing, Olympus XRD also uses * hardware components and has undergone engineering design, making the instrument very reliable and accurate.

2D X-ray diffractometer

Many XRD instruments use X-ray detectors to capture photons from the sample only in one plane or one-dimensional experiment. Olympus' CCD based XRD analyzer can collect slices of diffraction rings to help users understand whether the sample preparation method is correct (particle statistics and/or crystal selection)Orientation). These pieces of information can help confirm the accuracy and representativeness of quantitative data.

Energy discrimination X-ray detector

Larger conventional XRD instruments typically cannot use energy discrimination detectors. Therefore, the detector will be affected by photons not used in XRD experiments. On the other hand, the Olympus XRD analyzer can remove photons that do not directly participate in XRD experiments, such as X-ray fluorescence photons, thereby providing better signal-to-noise ratio.

Cobalt or copper target materials are optional

Olympus XRD instruments come standard with sturdy cobalt (Co) target X-ray tubes. This anode is very suitable for analyzing samples with high iron content, so it was chosen by geologists and mineralogists. However, certain applications, such as analyzing high manganese content, require copper (Cu) target X-ray tubes. Olympus can provide any anode, so customers can choose according to their application needsAnode.

06

Common XRD Applications

XRD can be applied to multiple industries, providing simple and direct phase analysis. Common XRD applications include:

• Mineral exploration

• Mining and mineral processing technology

• Oil well exploration

• 录井

• Petrochemical maintenance and repair

• cement manufacturing

• geological research

• Gong AnXi Tong (Du Pin and Explosion Wu)

• Catalyst quality control

• medicine