Elements that affect conductivity:

1.Temperature: Conductivity is highly correlated with temperature. The conductivity of metals decreases with increasing temperature. The conductivity of semiconductors increases with temperature. Within a temperature range, conductivity can be approximated as proportional to temperature. In order to compare the conductivity of substances at different temperature conditions, a common reference temperature must be set. The correlation between conductivity and temperature can often be expressed as the slope of the conductivity versus temperature curve.

2.Doping level: The doping level of solid-state semiconductors can cause significant changes in conductivity. Increasing the doping level will result in an increase in conductivity. The conductivity of an aqueous solution depends on the concentration of solute salts or other chemical impurities that can decompose into electrolytes.

3.Anisotropy: Some substances exhibit anisotropy(anisotropy)The conductivity must be used3 X 3Expressed as a matrix (using mathematical terms, second-order tensors, usually symmetric).