Attention should be paid to the following points in lightning protection:
（1） How to protect against lightning indoors
1. During thunderstorms, it is important to close doors and windows to prevent lateral and spherical lightning from entering.
2. During thunderstorms, cut off the power of household appliances and unplug the power plug; Do not use radios and televisions with external antennas; Do not engage in fixed conversations.
3. During thunderstorms, do not touch antennas, gas pipelines, wire mesh, metal windows, building exterior walls, etc; Stay away from live equipment; Do not stand barefoot on muddy or concrete surfaces.
4. Do not take a shower with a nozzle during thunderstorms.
（2） How to prevent lightning when people are outdoors
When encountering thunderstorm weather outdoors, in order to prevent being struck by lightning, the following principles should be followed:
1. Immediately search for lightning protection sites, such as buildings equipped with lightning rods, steel frames, or reinforced concrete, but be careful not to approach any part of the lightning protection device. If a suitable lightning protection location cannot be found, you can squat down, keep your feet together, hold your knees with both hands, try to lower your body's center of gravity, and reduce the contact area between your body and the ground. If you can immediately put on an impermeable raincoat, the lightning protection effect will be better.
2. Do not stay in outdoor swimming pools, open waters, or small boats; Don't stay at the edge of the forest; Do not stay near objects without lightning protection devices such as utility poles, flagpoles, haystacks, tents, etc; Do not stay next to exposed metal objects such as rails, water pipes, gas pipes, electrical equipment, tractors, motorcycles, etc; Do not approach isolated trees or chimneys (especially dangerous near isolated trees on mountaintops); Don't hide in lonely huts or booths in open areas.
3. It is not advisable to umbrella or hold up badminton rackets, golf clubs, hoes, etc. in the wilderness; Outdoor activities such as golf, soccer, climbing, fishing, swimming, etc. should be immediately stopped.
4. To avoid driving a motorcycle or riding a bicycle, let alone running wildly in thunderstorms; People in cars should close the doors and windows.
5. When multiple people are in the wilderness together, they should keep a distance of several meters from each other and not squeeze together.
6. When a high-voltage power line is struck by lightning, people nearby should remain highly alert and be careful of the electric shock caused by the "step voltage" on the ground. The correct way to escape is to keep your feet together and jump out of the danger zone.
7. It is advisable to turn off your phone when in an open area.
（3） How to rescue personnel injured by lightning strikes
1. People who have been burned or severely shocked by lightning strikes should not have any concerns during rescue as their bodies are not electrified. The fire on his body should be quickly extinguished and emergency rescue should be carried out.
2. If the injured person loses consciousness but has breathing and heartbeat, it is possible for them to recover on their own. He should be allowed to lie flat and rest quietly before being sent to the hospital for treatment.
3. If the injured person has stopped breathing and heartbeat, they should quickly and decisively alternate between mouth to mouth artificial respiration and cardiac compression, and be promptly sent to the hospital for rescue.
（4） There are four forms of harm caused by lightning to humans, namely: direct lightning strike, contact voltage, side flash strike, and step voltage.
1. Direct lightning strike:
When lightning occurs, lightning directly strikes the human body because humans are good conductors, with lightning currents of tens of thousands to tens of thousands of amperes flowing from the top of the head through the body to the feet and into the ground. As a result, people are struck by lightning, injured by lightning, and in severe cases, even killed.
2. Contact voltage:
When lightning current is discharged through tall objects such as tall buildings, trees, metal structures, etc., the strong lightning current will generate voltages of tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of volts on tall conductors. When people accidentally touch these objects, they are attacked by this touch voltage, resulting in electric shock accidents.
3. Side flash:
When a lightning strikes an object, a strong lightning current is released through the object to the ground. In general, current is easily passed through channels with low resistance. The resistance of the human body is very small. If a person is near the object struck by lightning, the lightning current will penetrate the air near the height of the head, and then be released through the human body. Causing people to be attacked.
4. Step voltage:
When lightning is released from clouds to the ground, a potential field is generated. The distribution of potential is that the closer the lightning strike point is to the ground, the higher the potential; The potential far away from the lightning strike point is low. If the potential of a person's two feet standing at different locations during lightning strikes is different, this potential difference will generate voltage between the person's two feet, and there will be current passing through the person's lower limbs. The greater the distance between the legs, the greater the step voltage.
In response to the four types of lightning strikes on people mentioned above, we should take corresponding measures to prevent them in various situations.